Clinical Research

Medina-Ramarez, R., Molina-Cedris, F., Baez-Suarez, A., & Alamo-Arce, D. (2021). NESA® Non-Invasive Neuromodulation; A New Frontier of Treatment of the Autonomous Nervous System in Physiotherapy. 4.DOI: https://www.cientperiodique.com/article/CPQOS/5/4/97

The paper discusses the application of NESA® non-invasive neuromodulation as an innovative treatment in physiotherapy, targeting the autonomic nervous system. The study highlights its potential benefits, including improving autonomic function, reducing pain, and enhancing overall patient recovery. It underscores the techniques effectiveness, safety, and potential to revolutionise current physiotherapeutic practices by offering a new, non-invasive approach to managing various conditions. The research provides preliminary evidence supporting the clinical use of NESA® technology and suggests further investigation into its long-term efficacy and broader applications in physiotherapy.

Molina, F., Medina-Rama­rez, R., Baez, A. Alamo-Arce, DD. (2020). Successful Recovery of Complex Regional Syndrome through Electrotherapy of the Autonomic Nervous System Neuromodulation. 58th SERMEF Congress. Mallorca, Spain. http://hdl.handle.net/10553/114084

The paper presented at the 58th SERMEF Congress in Mallorca, Spain, describes the successful recovery of a patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) using electrotherapy focused on autonomic nervous system neuromodulation. This treatment approach highlights the effectiveness of neuromodulation in managing and alleviating the symptoms associated with CRPS, offering a promising non-invasive therapeutic option. The study underscores the potential of electrotherapy in improving patient outcomes in complex pain management scenarios.

Medina-Ramarez, R. (2021). Do Professional Athletes Have Optimal Sleep Quality? Learning to Sleep, an Unresolved Issue. XXIX Annual Meeting of the Spanish Sleep Society, Spain.

The presentation at the XXIX Annual Meeting of the Spanish Sleep Society explores whether professional athletes achieve optimal sleep quality. It addresses the importance of sleep in athletic performance and identifies common sleep issues faced by athletes. The study emphasises the need for improved sleep education and strategies to help athletes achieve better sleep, recognising it as an unresolved issue crucial for enhancing their performance and recovery.

Medina-Ramaarez, R., Molina, F., Medina-Rama­rez, R., Baez, A. Alamo-Arce. NESA® Technology. A New Revolutionary Treatment in Physiotherapy. Macaronesian Researcher’s Night. In Horizonte 2020 Congress. 2020. Las Palmas, Spain.

The presentation at the Macaronesian Researcher’s Night, part of the Horizonte 2020 Congress in Las Palmas, Spain, introduces NESA® technology as a groundbreaking treatment in physiotherapy. This non-invasive neuromodulation technique aims to revolutionise physiotherapeutic practices by targeting the autonomic nervous system to improve patient outcomes. The presentation highlights the potential of NESA® technology to enhance recovery and manage various conditions effectively, offering a promising new approach in the field of physiotherapy.

Lleda³-Amat, M., Medina-RamÃarez, R., Alamo-Arce, & Arteaga-Ortiz, R. (2021). Effects of NESA Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Stroke Recovery: A Case Report. UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy, Spain.

The case report presented at the UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy in Spain examines the effects of NESA® non-invasive neuromodulation on stroke recovery. The report details how this innovative treatment significantly improved the patient’s recovery, focusing on enhancing neuroplasticity and overall rehabilitation outcomes. The findings suggest that NESA® technology could be a valuable addition to stroke recovery protocols, offering a non-invasive method to support patients’ rehabilitation processes.

Lleda³-Amat, M., Ancho-Frances, A., Medina-Ramarez, R., & Alamo-Arce, D. (2021). Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia with NESA® Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: A Case Report. UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy, Spain.

The case report presented at the UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy in Spain discusses the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia using NESA® non-invasive neuromodulation. The study highlights significant pain reduction and improved quality of life in the patient, demonstrating the effectiveness of this innovative, non-invasive approach in managing trigeminal neuralgia symptoms. This report suggests NESA® technology as a promising alternative treatment for chronic facial pain conditions.

Medina-RamÃarez, R., & Roman, T. (2021). Effects of NESA® Non-Invasive Neuromodulation on Muscle Tone, Pain, and Sleep in Bruxist Patients. Learning to Sleep, an Unresolved Issue. XXI Annual Meeting of the Spanish Sleep Society, Spain.

The presentation at the XXI Annual Meeting of the Spanish Sleep Society explores the effects of NESA® non-invasive neuromodulation on muscle tone, pain, and sleep in patients with bruxism. The study indicates significant improvements in muscle relaxation, pain reduction, and sleep quality among the participants. This research highlights the potential of NESA® technology as an effective treatment for managing bruxism-related symptoms, contributing to better sleep and overall quality of life.

Contreras, M., & Medina-Ramarez, R. (2021). Clinical Case of Applied Superficial Neuromodulation (NESA®) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy, Spain.

The clinical case presented at the UMH National Congress of Physiotherapy in Spain discusses the application of superficial neuromodulation (NESA®) in patients with multiple sclerosis. The study details improvements in symptoms such as muscle tone, pain, and bladder function, showcasing the potential benefits of NESA® technology in managing and alleviating multiple sclerosis symptoms. This case report supports the efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation as a promising treatment option for enhancing the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients.

Medina-Ramarez, R., Molina-Cedras, F., & Moreno, A. (2022). Enhancing Invasive Physiotherapy through the Autonomic Nervous System. I On-site Invasive Physiotherapy Conference. Barcelona, Spain.

The presentation at the I On-site Invasive Physiotherapy Conference in Barcelona, Spain, explores how targeting the autonomic nervous system can enhance invasive physiotherapy techniques. The study highlights the integration of neuromodulation to improve treatment outcomes, demonstrating its potential to optimise patient recovery and manage various conditions more effectively. This innovative approach underscores the importance of the autonomic nervous system in physiotherapy, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.

Cano-Uceda, A., Aparicio-Montero, P., Medina-Rama­rez, R. (2023) Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in Improving Sleep Quality and Stress in Physiotherapy Students. Multicenter Study. In SPRM Congress 2023. Colombia.

The multicenter study presented at the SPRM Congress 2023 in Colombia examines the effectiveness of non-invasive neuromodulation in improving sleep quality and reducing stress among physiotherapy students. The research demonstrates significant improvements in both areas, suggesting that this technique could be beneficial in managing stress and enhancing sleep for students in demanding academic environments. The findings highlight the potential of non-invasive neuromodulation as a practical tool for improving overall well-being in this population.

Báez-Suárez, A.; Báez-Suárez, V.; Saldanha, L.; Vílchez-Barrera, M.; Hernández-Pérez, A.; Medina-Ramírez, R. Improving Sleep Quality and Well-Being in Institutionalized Older Adults: The Potential of NESA Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Treatment. Geriatrics 2025, 10, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10010004

A recent observational study explored the potential of NESA (Neuromodulación Superficial Aplicada) non-invasive neuromodulation using microcurrents to enhance sleep quality and overall well-being in older adults residing in long-term care facilities. The research involved 24 participants who underwent assessments at baseline, after 10 and 20 sessions, and three months post-treatment. Findings revealed significant improvements in sleep quality, including fewer nocturnal awakenings, and enhanced quality of life, particularly in social relations and physical and mental health. These results suggest that NESA non-invasive neuromodulation could be a valuable intervention for improving sleep and well-being among institutionalized older adults.

Reference: Mínguez Esteban, M., et al. (2025). Immediate effects of non-invasive neuromodulation on the common carotid artery: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1526236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1526236

A recent randomized controlled trial examined the immediate effects of NESA non-invasive neuromodulation on the common carotid artery in healthy adults. The study found significant changes in vascular parameters, including increased lumen diameter and reduced intima-media thickness, suggesting that NESA microcurrent stimulation may influence vascular function. These findings highlight its potential as a non-invasive method for cardiovascular modulation.

Reference: Azevedo, N., & Medina-Ramírez, R. (2025). Pain and the autonomic nervous system: The role of non-invasive neuromodulation with NESA microcurrents. Frontiers in Pain Research, 6, 1410808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2025.1410808

In this article, Azevedo and Medina-Ramírez explore the complex relationship between pain and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). They discuss how non-invasive neuromodulation using NESA microcurrents can modulate the ANS to alleviate pain. The authors highlight the potential of NESA microcurrents as a promising approach for pain management, especially in chronic conditions, by restoring ANS balance and reducing pain perception.